The Evidence-Based Learning Loop
Step 1: Plan & Preview
- Use metacognition: identify what you need to learn and set clear goals.
- Example: before a math session, list the topics you want to master, such as linear equations and inequalities.
Step 2: Engage with Material (Concrete → Abstract)
- Start with examples or problems you can visualize or manipulate.
- Gradually move to abstract concepts.
- Example: solve specific word problems before learning general formulas.
Step 3: Elaborate & Explain
- Explain the material in your own words, connect it to prior knowledge, or teach it to someone else.
- Benefit: strengthens memory and understanding.
Step 4: Active Recall & Practice Testing
- Close notes and attempt problems from memory.
- Take low-stakes quizzes or self-tests.
- Benefit: reinforces memory pathways and highlights gaps.
Step 5: Interleaving
- Mix related topics or problem types instead of focusing on one at a time.
- Benefit: improves flexible problem-solving and application skills.
Step 6: Dual Coding
- Combine verbal explanations with diagrams, charts, or sketches.
- Benefit: activates multiple memory pathways for stronger retention.
Step 7: Feedback & Reflection
- Check your answers immediately.
- Reflect on mistakes and clarify misunderstandings.
- Benefit: prevents incorrect patterns from taking hold and strengthens metacognition.
Step 8: Spaced Repetition
- Review material periodically, just before you would forget it.
- Benefit: solidifies long-term memory.
Step 9: Productive Struggle
- Allow effortful practice without giving up too soon.
- Benefit: deepens understanding and builds problem-solving resilience.
Cycle Summary
- Plan → Engage → Elaborate → Recall → Interleave → Dual Code → Feedback → Space → Struggle → Repeat
- This loop is iterative, not linear. You revisit steps multiple times to achieve mastery.